The Family of Sir William Young

This painting was previously dated to 1770 when Sir William Young (1725 - 1788) obtained his baronetcy and was appointed Governor of Dominica. The family all wear theatrical Van Dyck costume, which was then very popular in family portraits. The Black youth steadying the boys on horseback was probably an enslaved person who had accompanied Young to England from one of his West Indian plantations. He was named John Brook. He does not wear a metal collar which was sometimes worn as a sign of enslaved status. This, together with his familiar manner with the child on horseback, suggests that he may have been regarded by the family as more of a servant than an enslaved person. This sympathetic attitude towards and portrayal of John Brook may be a reflection of the growing change in attitudes towards slavery in the late 18th century. William Young was born in 1725 and was by the time of this picture a successful and wealthy man. This painting was probably made between 1767 and 1770 as confirmation of Sir William Young’s arrival within the elite in England. The steps to the right of the painting and the parkland in the background indicate that Sir William and his family are in possession of key status symbols: land and an English country house. Sir William bought the manor of Delaford in Iver, Buckinghamshire in 1767. He achieved the other key status symbol of a title when he was created a baronet on 2 May 1769. Harmony in the painting is achieved through a complex and deliberate placement of the individuals who are linked to each other through gesture and touch. Sir William himself sits at the front of the family group holding a cello as if about to play. His wife Elizabeth is beside him playing a Neapolitan mandolin, which she may have acquired whilst on the Grand Tour of Italy in 1752-53. Their youngest daughter Olivia reaches across to touch the mandolin's strings. Behind them stands Sarah Elizabeth holding a music book. This central group look as if they have been momentarily interrupted or are about to play. The little girl looks directly at us as she blocks the strings from her mother’s fingers. The musical instruments are accessories that demonstrate the family’s accomplishment and elegance. The suggestion of musical harmony adds to the effect of unity in the group and is underlined by the dance like gestures of Elizabeth and Portia standing behind their mother. Everyone is dressed in fancy dress known as Van Dyck costume. This was a mixture of styles associated with Tudor and Stuart times. It was worn in the 18th century for masked balls, theatre, and in portraits. Rich satins and lace collars and cuffs with points are typical. The fanciful costume and musical instruments add to the rococo effect of the overall composition with its curving placement of the figures. Sir William Young’s fortune had been made in the Caribbean where he ranked highly as Lieutenant Governor of both Dominica and Tobago. Reference to the West Indies is apparent in the painting only through the presence of John Brook, who helps Sir William’s youngest son down from his horse. Brook’s elaborate livery with gold thread and traditional pearl earring is misleading. He was almost certainly still enslaved. Sir William Young owned sugar plantations and died in St Vincent in 1788 on a visit to one of his estates. He was a key figure in the First Black Carib War which took land from the black Caribs. This war was criticised even at the time as a violation of the natural rights of mankind. To the left of their parents William and Mary sit on a stone wall holding a letter. William’s pose is almost a mirror of his father’s, perhaps reminding the viewer that he will go on to inherit from his father.